WPS ceiling – WPS slabs – Wrocław floor slab

WPS slabs and ceilings

The WPS floor is a prefabricated floor system based on the Wroclaw Floor Plate, designed in 1960 by Zygmunt Domaszewski, M.Sc. of the Municipal Design Office in Wroclaw. They are produced from concrete of C30/37 class by industrial prefabrication method, ensuring high quality and repeatability of structural elements. They are used in residential and industrial construction as an economical solution for inter-storey floors with a span of up to 6 meters.

For each WPS ceiling project, the price is calculated individually based on the area, payloads and installation conditions. We guarantee comprehensive technical advice and timely delivery of prefabricated elements in accordance with the construction schedule. We invite you to get a free quote tailored to the parameters of your project.

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WPS prefabricated ceiling – traditional system with reinforced concrete slabs

The WPS floor known as the Wrocławska płyta stropowa is a proven construction system that has been used for many decades in the Polish construction industry. The system is also known by regional names as the Lodz Floor Slab or the Warsaw Floor Slab, which attests to its popularity throughout the country. The structure is based on the cooperation of steel I-beams with prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs forming a rigid and load-bearing floor.

The basis of the system is WPS slabs produced from C30/37 class concrete with a minimum compressive strength of 37 MPa. Prefabrication under factory conditions ensures homogeneity of the concrete structure and precise placement of steel reinforcement. The elements are characterized by F150 frost resistance and W8 water resistance, guaranteeing the durability of the structure for decades of use.

Construction of the WPS floor system

The WPS floor slab system consists of two main components: steel support beams in the form of I-beams (called trellises) and prefabricated infill panels. The steel I-beams are laid at a spacing adapted to the width of the slabs, forming the supporting grid of the structure. WPS boards 40 cm wide fill the space between the beams, resting on the lower flanges of the I-beams.

The WPS board has fixed dimensions: width 40 cm and length from 80 cm to 160 cm, which allows optimal adjustment to different beam spacing. The thickness of the slabs is 6-8 cm as standard, providing adequate load-bearing capacity while maintaining the possibility of manual transport. The weight of a single slab varies from 40 to 80 kg, which allows installation by a two-person team without the use of a crane.

Advantages of the Wrocław floor slab system

Wroclaw Floor Slab is characterized by simplicity of installation that does not require specialized crane equipment. The shape and dimensions of the slabs have been selected to allow manual transport on the construction site. The system allows the ceiling to be made by two workers, which significantly reduces labor costs and eliminates the need to hire a crane.

Prefabricated WPS slabs are laid dry without the need for mortar or adhesive. Once the slabs are in place, only the concreting of joints and over concrete is performed, creating a monolithic slab that cooperates with the steel beams. The system allows for immediate installation loading, speeding up further construction work.

Technical parameters of WPS boards

WPS floor slabs are reinforced with a 10×10 cm mesh steel mesh of φ6-8 mm bars to ensure adequate bending capacity. The main reinforcement is made up of bottom bars of larger diameter, carrying tensile stresses. The reinforcement lagging of at least 20 mm protects the steel from corrosion.

The WPS ceiling system allows for spans of up to 6 meters with the appropriate selection of steel I-beam profiles. The load capacity of the ceiling is normally 3.5-5.0 kN/m², depending on the spacing of the beams and the thickness of the slabs. The total thickness of the ceiling, including the superconcrete, is 12-15 cm, which ensures adequate rigidity of the structure.

Advantages of the WPS ceiling

Manual installation of WPS panels without a crane

The WPS ceiling is distinguished by the possibility of manual assembly due to the optimal dimensions of the slabs with a width of 40 cm and a length of 80-160 cm. The weight of a single slab 40-80 kg allows two workers to carry it. Eliminating the need to hire a crane reduces the cost of the ceiling by 30-40%.

Speed of execution of Wroclaw floor slab

WPS slabs are laid directly on steel I-beams without the need for formwork and stamping. A two-person crew lays 50-80 m² of ceiling per day, which is 3 times faster than with monolithic ceilings. The system allows for immediate installation load after the slabs are laid.

Cost-effectiveness of WPS floor slabs

The use of WPS floor slabs reduces the total cost of floor construction due to simple installation technology. No need to rent system formwork and punches reduces expenses by 40%. Shorter execution time translates into lower labor costs and faster work progress.

Versatility of the WPS board system

The WPS slab, available in various lengths from 80 to 160 cm, allows optimal filling of the space between beams. The system works with a variety of steel I-beam profiles from HEB 140 to HEB 200. The ability to easily cut the slabs on site makes it easy to fit irregular projections.

Durability of the WPS ceiling

Prefabricated WPS panels manufactured from C30/37 concrete are characterized by high strength and resistance to weathering. Frost resistance F150 ensures durability in unheated rooms. The life span of the ceiling exceeds 100 years with minimal maintenance.

Bearing capacity of the Wrocław floor slab

The Wrocław Floor Slab carries imposed loads of 3.5-5.0 kN/m² sufficient for most residential and office applications. The cooperation of the slabs with steel beams ensures the rigidity of the structure. The system allows concentrated loads to be carried due to the distribution of forces through the over concrete.

Simplicity of WPS floor slab technology

The WPS floor slab system requires no specialized knowledge or experience – it can be made by a general construction crew. Laying the slabs dry eliminates problems with mortar quality. Minimal wet work is limited to concreting the joints and over concrete.

Availability of WPS floor elements

The WPS floor uses commonly available materials – steel I-sections and precast concrete slabs. The system, known as the Lodz or Warsaw Floor Slab, is produced in many regions of Poland. Standardized slab dimensions of 40 cm in width ensure easy availability from various manufacturers.

WPS ceiling installation

what is a WPS ceiling

Application of the WPS ceiling in construction

The WPS floor is widely used in various types of construction as an economical structural solution for floors with spans of up to 6 meters. Also known as the Lodz or Warsaw floor slab, the system works well in both new developments and renovations of old buildings. The simplicity of manual installation makes it ideal for locations with limited access.

Single-family housing construction

In single-family homes, WPS slabs are a popular solution for ceilings above the basement and between floors. The system allows the ceiling to be made by a small team without hiring a crane, which is important for construction carried out with the economic system. Boards with a width of 40 cm and a length of 80-160 cm allow optimal filling of various room spans.

WPS prefabricated floor slabs are ideal for houses with a traditional structural layout with load-bearing walls. The system works with masonry walls made of brick, concrete blocks or expanded clay. The ability to transport the slabs manually makes it easier to make ceilings in hard-to-reach locations.

Modernization and renovation of buildings

The WPS board is an ideal solution for replacing deteriorated wooden ceilings in townhouses and old buildings. The lightweight slabs, weighing 40-80 kg, can be brought up the staircase without removing windows or doors. The system does not require heavy equipment, which minimizes interference with the existing building substance.

The Wroclaw Ceiling Plate allows for the staged replacement of ceilings without having to evict residents from the entire building. Dry installation reduces the amount of debris and moisture introduced into the renovated building. The system allows historic steel beams to be preserved as a load-bearing element.

Utility and storage buildings

In outbuildings, the WPS floor is used for mezzanines and storage platforms. The system carries imposed loads of 3.5-5.0 kN/m² sufficient for light warehouses. Steel support beams provide adequate stiffness for long spans.

WPS prefabricated floor slabs are used in livestock buildings as ceilings over technical rooms. Resistance to moisture and varying temperatures predestines the system for use in agricultural conditions. The possibility of disassembly and reassembly increases the versatility of the solution.

Temporary and modular facilities

The WPS board system is ideal for temporary construction due to its ability to be disassembled and reused. Plates with fixed dimensions of 40 cm wide can be stored and used repeatedly. Manual assembly allows rapid erection of container buildings and pavilions.

The WPS floor slab is used in modular construction as an infill between steel frame structures. The system allows prefabrication of modules with installed floors. The lightweight and compact nature of the slabs makes it easy to transport the finished building segments.

Loft conversions and attics

The Wroclaw Ceiling Slab makes it possible to make new ceilings when adapting unused attics. The ability to bring the slabs in through roof hatches or skylight windows simplifies logistics. The system does not overburden the existing roof structure.

In high-rise buildings, the WPS ceiling is used to divide high attics into usable floors. Installation on existing knee walls does not require additional reinforcements. The system, known as the Lodz or Warsaw floor slab, is compatible with various building technologies.

ceiling on steel beams

Technical parameters of the WPS ceiling

The WPS floor is designed and manufactured in accordance with PN-EN 13369:2018, which defines the requirements for precast concrete products. The system, consisting of reinforced concrete slabs and steel I-beams, meets the requirements of PN-EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) for reinforced concrete structures. All elements have a declaration of performance and CE marking.

Dimensions and weight of WPS boards

Standard WPS boards are produced in fixed dimensions: width 40 cm (400 mm), lengths: 80 cm, 100 cm, 120 cm, 140 cm, 160 cm. The thickness of the boards is 6-8 cm, depending on the required load capacity. The unit weight of the slabs varies from 40 kg for the smallest elements to 80 kg for the slabs with a length of 160 cm.

WPS board dimensions have been optimally selected for manual transport by two workers. The dimensional tolerances are: length ±5 mm, width ±3 mm, thickness ±2 mm. The flatness of the surface does not exceed a deviation of 3 mm over a length of 1 m.

Strength parameters of WPS floor slabs

Prefabricated WPS floor slabs are made of concrete of minimum class C30/37 with characteristic compressive strength fck = 30 MPa. The flexural strength is a minimum of 5.0 MPa. The elastic modulus of concrete Ecm = 32 GPa ensures adequate stiffness of the elements.

The WPS floor slab is reinforced with a mesh of φ6-8 mm steel bars with 10×10 cm spacing. Reinforcement steel of A-IIIN class is characterized by yield strength fyk = 500 MPa. The reinforcement cover is a minimum of 20 mm from the bottom surface of the slab.

Floor system parameters

The complete WPS ceiling consists of HEB 140-200 steel I-beams spaced 40-44 cm apart and filler plates. The load capacity of the ceiling is: 3.5 kN/m² for spans up to 4.5 m, 4.5 kN/m² for spans up to 5.5 m, 5.0 kN/m² for spans up to 6.0 m. The total thickness of the floor with over concrete is 12-15 cm.

The Wrocław floor slab system allows for a maximum deflection of L/250 under characteristic load. The disc stiffness of the floor is ensured by a 3-4 cm thick super concrete integrated with the slabs. The dead weight of the floor is 280-320 kg/m², depending on the thickness of the elements.

Physical and chemical properties

All WPS panels are characterized by F150 frost resistance (150 freeze-thaw cycles). W8 waterproofing ensures watertightness at a water pressure of 0.8 MPa. Water absorption by weight does not exceed 5% of the dry weight of the element.

The thermal conductivity coefficient for WPS floor slabs is λ = 1.7 W/(m-K). The sound insulation of the ceiling from airborne sounds reaches Rw = 50-52 dB. Class of reaction to fire A1 – non-flammable product.

Fire resistance of the WPS ceiling

The WPS floor system achieves a fire resistance class of non-combustible for standard thickness with over concrete. Steel I-beams require fireproofing for higher resistance classes. Concrete does not exhibit explosive spalling when heated.

WPS boards

Installation of the WPS ceiling – instruction manual

The installation of the WPS prefabricated ceiling is characterized by simplicity of execution possible for a two-person team without the use of a crane. The system consisting of steel I-beams (tregs) and reinforced concrete slabs with a width of 40 cm requires only basic construction tools. The shape and dimensions of the slabs allow manual transport and placement directly on the beams.

Installation of steel beams – tregs

The first step in the construction of WPS slabs is the installation of HEB 140-200 steel I-beams at a spacing corresponding to the width of the slabs plus 2-4 cm clearance. The beams are supported on reinforced concrete tie-beams or bearing walls with a minimum support depth of 12 cm. Beam leveling is performed with an accuracy of ±5 mm using steel shims.

The axial spacing of I-beams for WPS floor slabs is standard 42-44 cm with a slab width of 40 cm. The beams are protected from sagging by temporary mounting braces. For large spans, mounting supports are used in the middle of the beam spans.

Laying WPS boards between beams

Assembly of the WPS slab begins with the outermost elements, laid on the lower shelves of the I-beams. Plates weighing 40-80 kg are carried manually by two workers. The elements are laid dry with a 1-2 cm expansion gap between the boards.

Prefabricated Wroclaw floor slabs with a length of 80-160 cm are selected according to the spacing of the cross beams. The slabs can be cut on site using an angle grinder with a concrete disc. The order of laying should ensure even loading of the support beams.

Filling joints and making over concrete

After all WPS floor slabs are laid, the joints between the slabs are filled with M10 cement mortar. The gaps between the boards and I-beam shelves are sealed with mounting foam or mineral wool. PE foil is laid on top of the boards as a slip layer.

The 3-4 cm thick super concrete is made of C20/25 concrete reinforced with φ4.5 mm steel mesh with 15×15 cm mesh. The layer of overcrete integrates the WPS ceiling into a homogeneous disk, increasing spatial stiffness. The surface is leveled with a patch and trowelled smooth.

WPS ceiling loading

The WPS slab system allows an immediate installation load of up to 1.5 kN/m² immediately after slab placement. Full live load is possible after 7 days after superconcrete is made. Removal of any mounting supports takes place after 70% of the concrete strength is reached.

Making installation holes

In the Wrocław Floor Slab system, installation holes up to 10 cm in diameter are made by drilling into the slabs. Larger holes require additional reinforcement with steel sections. Penetrations through steel beams should be made in accordance with the structural design.

Quality control of the assembly

After the WPS ceiling is completed, the following checks are carried out: surface leveling (±10 mm), filling of all joints, thickness of the over concrete. The support of the slabs on the beams and the stability of the entire structure are checked. A protocol of acceptance of works is prepared, with attestations of materials attached.

WPS boards installation

WPS ceiling price – comprehensive calculation of the Wrocław floor slab system

The WPS ceiling price is shaped by the cost of three main components: steel I-beams, prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs and installation labor. Pricing for the system, also known as the Lodz or Warsaw Floor Slab, is very competitive due to the possibility of manual assembly without a crane. WPS slabs price depends on the number of elements ordered, the length of the slabs and current steel prices.

Cost components of the WPS floor

The main element affecting the WPS board price is the cost of HEB steel I-beams, which accounts for 40-50% of the value of the floor. WPS board unit price per piece varies depending on the length of the element from 80 to 160 cm. WPS floor slabs price also includes transportation, which with a weight of 40-80 kg per element can be carried out by an ordinary delivery truck.

A major advantage of the system is the Wroclaw Floor Slab installation price – no need to hire a crane reduces costs by 2-3 thousand zlotys. WPS slabs dimensions that allow manual transport reduce labor costs to a minimum. A two-person crew assembles 50-80 m² of ceiling per day, which translates into a low labor cost per hour.

Price list 2024 for WPS

In 2024, prices are seen to stabilize after previous increases in construction materials. WPS floor slab price per m² in 2024 is competitive with other floor systems due to its simple technology. WPS floor slab price in the 2024 summer season may be slightly higher due to increased demand.

Current rates in 2024 show that WPS slabs price per unit fluctuates within affordable limits for individual investors. The system, known as the Lodz Floor Slab, is offered with quantity discounts for orders of more than 200 m². During the autumn-winter 2024 period, manufacturers are offering additional promotions.

Price forecast for 2025

Projections for 2025 indicate a moderate price increase of 4-6% in the precast concrete segment. WPS floor price in 2025 will mainly depend on the price of structural steel used for I-beams. WPS slabs standard dimensions 40 cm wide will remain the most economical choice.

In 2025, the popularity of the WPS floor slab system is expected to continue The competitive price will be key for small investors. As a proven system, the Wrocław Floor Slab will retain its market position. Demand for systems that allow installation without a crane is expected to increase in 2025.

Cost comparison with other systems

Economic analysis shows that the WPS slab total price is 30-40% lower than a monolithic floor of the same span. The WPS slab price including installation is competitive with Teriva-type dense-rib floors. WPS slab price is only surpassed by the cheapest Fert ceilings, however, offering better acoustic parameters.

WPS slab system dimensions optimized to minimize material losses. Wroclaw Floor Slab labor price is the lowest of all floor systems. The possibility of execution by local contractors without specialized equipment further reduces costs.

WPS floor cost optimization

WPS floor slab price reduction is possible by purchasing used steel I-beams in good condition. WPS floor slab price drops when you take delivery of your own from the factory. WPS floor slab price can be negotiated for group orders for several investors.

Savings in the WPS slab price category are achieved by optimizing slab lengths to beam spacing. Minimizing cuttings reduces material losses and installation time. Wroclaw Floor Slab price of transportation can be reduced by using own transportation.

Operating costs and durability

The WPS floor system’s operating price is minimal thanks to the durability of the precast concrete elements. Steel beams protected against corrosion serve for decades without maintenance. WPS slabs made of C30/37 concrete retain their parameters for more than 100 years.

The investment in WPS floor slabs initial price pays for itself by not having to renovate. The system known as the Lodz or Warsaw floor slab is proven in thousands of implementations. The total cost over the life cycle of the building is the lowest for simple structural systems.

The final WPS floor price of each project requires an individual calculation taking into account the area, spans and local material prices. We encourage you to contact us to prepare a detailed offer for the Wroclaw Floor Slab system tailored to your investment.

Here are just some of our implementations of WPS ceilings. This list includes only large investments on which our prefabricated products have appeared.

WPS boards – frequently asked questions

What are the dimensions of the WPS boards?

The standard width is 40 cm, and lengths are available from 80 to 160 cm (module in 10 cm increments).

Is it complicated to install WPS boards?

No – thanks to the prefabricated construction, installation is quick and without the need for heavy equipment, formwork or stamping.

What insulation materials to use for installation?

We recommend the use of proven insulation systems, adapted to the specifics of the building – we consult with our specialists during the design of the ceiling for details.

Are WPS boards suitable for renovating ceilings in old tenements?

Yes, the WPS system is designed to interfere as little as possible with the building structure, making it ideal for retrofitting old buildings.

Are WPS boards suitable for renovating ceilings in old tenements?

Yes, the WPS system is designed to interfere as little as possible with the building structure, making it ideal for retrofitting old buildings.

What are WPS boards?

WPS slabs are prefabricated reinforced concrete elements used in the construction of beam-and-slab floors. They fill the space between steel I-beams, forming the load-bearing structure of the ceiling. The slabs have a standard width of 40 cm and a length of 80 to 160 cm, which allows them to be installed manually without heavy equipment.

What is the price of WPS boards in 2025?

PLN 35-87/unit.

What are the types of WPS boards?

WPS 80, WPS 90, WPS 100, WPS 110, WPS 120, WPS 130, WPS 140, WPS 150

What are the types of WPS boards?

WPS 80, WPS 90, WPS 100, WPS 110, WPS 120, WPS 130, WPS 140, WPS 150

What are the applications of WPS boards?

Replacement of wooden ceilings, renovation of old structures, residential and industrial buildings

What are the properties of WPS boards?

Manual transport, no need for perimeter rim, exposure class X0

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